INDEX
Abahai, ruler
Abdication
Aborigines
Absolutism (see Despotism, Dictator, Emperor, Monarchy)
Academia Sinica
Academies
Administration;
provincial
(see Army, Feudalism, Bureaucracy)
Adobe (Mud bricks)
Adoptions
Afghanistan
Africa
Agriculture;
development;
Origin of;
of Shang;
shifting (denshiring)
(see Wheat, Millet, Rice, Plough, Irrigation, Manure,
Canals,
Fallow)
An Ti, ruler of Han
Ainu, tribes
Ala-shan mountain range
Alchemy (see Elixir)
Alexander the Great
America (see United States)
Amithabha, god
Amur, river
An Chi-yeh, rebel
An Lu-shan, rebel
Analphabetism
Anarchists
Ancestor, cult
Aniko, sculptor
Animal style
Annam (Vietnam)
Anyang (Yin-ch'ue)
Arabia;
Arabs
Architecture
Aristocracy (see Nobility, Feudalism)
Army, cost of;
organization of;
size of;
Tibetan
(see War, Militia, tu-tu, pu-ch'ue)
Art, Buddhist (see Animal style, Architecture, Pottery,
Painting,
Sculpture, Wood-cut)
Arthashastra, book, attributed to Kautilya
Artisans;
Organizations of
(see Guilds, Craftsmen)
Assimilation (see Colonization)
Astronomy
Austroasiatics
Austronesians
Avars, tribe (see Juan-juan)
Axes, prehistoric
Axis, policy
Babylon
Baghdad, city
Balasagun, city
Ballads
Banks
Banner organization
Barbarians (Foreigners)
Bastards
Bath
Beg, title
Beggar
Bengal
Boat festival
Bokhara (Bukhara), city
Bon, religion
Bondsmen (see pu-ch'ue, Serfs, Feudalism)
Book, printing;
B burning
Boettger, inventor
Boxer rebellion
Boycott
Brahmans, Indian caste
Brain drain
Bronze (see Metal, Copper)
Brothel (Tea-house)
Buddha;
Buddhism
(see Ch'an, Vinaya, Sects, Amithabha, Maitreya,
Hinayana,
Mahayana, Monasteries, Church, Pagoda, Monks, Lamaism)
Budget (see Treasury, Inflation, Deflation)
Bullfights
Bureaucracy;
religious B
(see Administration; Army)
Burgher (liang-min)
Burma
Businessmen (see Merchants, Trade)
Byzantium
Calcutta, city
Caliph (Khaliph)
Cambodia
Canals;
Imperial C
(see Irrigation)
Cannons
Canton (Kuang-chou), city
Capital of Empire (see Ch'ang-an, Sian, Loyang, etc.)
Capitalism (see Investments, Banks, Money, Economy, etc.)
Capitulations (privileges of foreign nations)
Caravans (see Silk road, Trade)
Carpet
Castes, (see Brahmans)
Castiglione, G., painter
Cattle, breeding
Cavalry, (see Horse)
Cave temples (see Lung-men, Yuen-kang, Tunhuang)
Censorate
Censorship
Census (see Population)
Central Asia (see Turkestan, Sinkiang, Tarim, City States)
Champa, State
Ch'an (Zen), meditative Buddhism
Chan-kuo Period (Contending States)
Chancellor
Ch'ang-an, capital of China (see Sian)
Chang Ch'ien, ambassador
Chang Chue-chan, teacher
Chang Hsien-chung, rebel
Chang Hsueeh-hang, war lord
Chang Ling, popular leader
Chang Ti, ruler
Chang Tsai, philosopher
Chang Tso-lin, war lord
Chao, state;
Earlier Chao;
Later Chao
Chao K'uang-yin (T'ai Tsu), ruler
Chao Meng-fu, painter
Charters
Chefoo Convention
Ch'en, dynasty
Ch'en Pa-hsien, ruler
Ch'en Tu-hsiu, intellectual
Ch'eng Hao, philosopher
Cheng Ho, navy commander
Ch'eng I, philosopher
Cheng-i-chiao, religion
Ch'eng Ti, ruler of Han;
ruler of Chin
Ch'eng Tsu, ruler of Manchu
Ch'engtu, city
Ch'i, state;
short dynasty;
Northern Ch'i
Ch'i-fu, clan
Chi-nan, city
Ch'i-tan (see Kitan)
Ch'i Wan-nien, leader
Chia, clan
Chia-ch'ing, period
Chia Ss[)u]-tao, politician
Ch'iang, tribes, (see Tanguts)
Chiang Kai-shek, president
Ch'ien-lung, period
ch'ien-min (commoners),
Chin, dynasty, (see Juchen);
dynasty;
Eastern Chin dynasty;
Later Chin dynasty,
Ch'in, state;
Ch'in, dynasty;
Earlier Ch'in dynasty;
Later Ch'in dynasty;
Western Ch'in dynasty
Ch'in K'ui, politician
Chinese, origin of
Ching Fang, scholar
Ching-te (-chen), city
ching-t'ien system
Ching Tsung, Manchu ruler
Ch'iu Ying, painter
Chou, dynasty;
short Chou dynasty;
Later Chou dynasty;
Northern Chou dynasty
Chou En-lai, politician
Chou-k'ou-tien, archaeological site
Chou-kung (Duke of Chou)
Chou-li, book
Chou Tun-i, philosopher
Christianity (see Nestorians, Jesuits, Missionaries)
Chronology
Ch'u, state
Chu Ch'uean-chung, general and ruler
Chu Hsi, philosopher
Chu-ko Liang, general
Chu Te, general
Chu Tsai-yue, scholar
Chu Yuean-chang (T'ai Tsu), ruler
chuang (see Manors, Estates)
Chuang Tz[)u], philosopher
Chuen-ch'en, ruler
Ch'un-ch'iu, book
chuen-t'ien system (land equalization system)
chuen-tz[)u] (gentleman)
Chung-ch'ang T'ung, philosopher
Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing), city
Church, Buddhistic
Taoistic
(see Chang Ling)
Cities
spread and growth of cities
origin of cities
twin cities
(see City states, Ch'ang-an, Sian, Loyang, Hankow, etc.)
City States (of Central Asia)
Clans
Classes, social classes
(see Castes, ch'ien-min, liang-min, Gentry, etc.)
Climate, changes
Cliques
Cloisonne
Cobalt
Coins (see Money)
Colonialism (see Imperialism)
Colonization (see Migration, Assimilation)
Colour prints
Communes
Communism (see Marxism, Socialism, Soviets)
Concubines
Confessions
Confucian ritual
Confucianism
Confucian literature
false Confucian literature
Confucians
(see Neo-Confucianism)
Conquests (see War, Colonialism)
Conservatism
Constitution
Contending States
Co-operatives
Copper (see Bronze, Metal)
Corruption
Corvee (forced labour) (see Labour)
Cotton
Courtesans (see Brothel)
Coxinga, rebel
Craftsmen (see Artisans)
Credits
Criminals
Crop rotation
Dalai Lama, religious ruler of Tibet
Dance
Deflation
Deities (see T'ien, Shang Ti, Maitreya, Amithabha, etc.)
Delft, city
Demands, the twenty-one
Democracy
Denshiring
Despotism (see Absolutism)
Dewey, J., educator
Dialects (see Language)
Dialecticians
Dictators (see Despotism)
Dictionaries
Diploma, for monks
Diplomacy
Disarmament
Discriminatory laws (see Double Standard)
Dog
Dorgon, prince
Double standard, legal
Drama
Dress, changes
Dungan, tribes
Dynastic histories (see History)
Dzungars, people
Eclipses
Economy
Money economy
Natural economy
(see Agriculture, Nomadism, Industry, Denshiring, Money,
Trade, etc.)
Education (see Schools, Universities, Academies, Script,
Examination system, etc.)
Elements, the five
Elephants
Elite (see Intellectuals, Students, Gentry)
Elixir (see Alchemy)
Emperor, position of
Emperor and church
(see Despotism, King, Absolutism, Monarchy, etc.)
Empress (see Lue, Wu, Wei, Tz[)u] Hsi)
Encyclopaedias
England (see Great Britain)
Ephtalites, tribe
Epics
Equalization Office (see chuen-t'ien)
Erotic literature
Estates (chuang)
Ethics (see Confucianism)
Eunuchs
Europe
Europeans
Examination system
Examinations for Buddhists
Fables
Factories
Fallow system
Falsifications (see Confucianism)
Family structure
Family ethics
Family planning
Fan Chung-yen, politician
Fascism
Federations, tribal
Felt
Feng Kuo-chang, politician
Feng Meng-lung, writer
Feng Tao, politician
Feng Yue-hsiang, war lord
Ferghana, city
Fertility cults
differential fertility
Fertilizer
Feudalism
end of feudalism
late feudalism
new feudalism
nomadic feudalism
(see Serfs, Aristocracy, Fiefs, Bondsmen, etc.)
Fiefs
Finances (see Budget, Inflation, Money, Coins)
Fire-arms (see Rifles, Cannons)
Fishing
Folk-tales
Food habits
Foreign relations (see Diplomacy, Treaty, Tribute, War)
Forests
Formosa (T'aiwan)
France
Frontier, concept of
Frugality
Fu Chien, ruler
Fu-lan-chi (Franks)
Fu-lin, Manchu ruler
Fu-yue, country
Fukien, province
Galdan, leader
Gandhara, country
Gardens
Geisha (see Courtesans)
Genealogy
Genghiz Khan, ruler
Gentry (Upper class)
colonial gentry
definition of gentry
gentry state
southern gentry
Germany
Goek Turks
Governors, role of
Grain (see Millet, Rice, Wheat)
Granaries
Great Britain (see England)
Great Leap Forward
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Great Wall
Greeks
Guilds
Hakka, ethnic group
Hami, city state
Han, dynasty
Later Han dynasty
Han Fei Tz[)u], philosopher
Han T'o-wei, politician
Han Yue, philosopher
Hankow (Han-k'ou), city
Hangchow (Hang-chou), city
Heaven (see Shang Ti, T'ien)
Hermits (see Monks, Sages)
Hinayana, religion
Historians
Histories, dynastic
falsification of histories
Historiography
Hitler, Adolf, dictator
Hittites, ethnic group
Ho Ch'eng-t'ien, scholar
Ho-lien P'o-p'o, ruler
Ho Ti, Han ruler
hong, association
Hong Kong, colony
Hopei, province
Horse
horse chariot
horse riding
horse trade
Hospitals
Hou Ching, ruler
Houses (see Adobe)
Hsi-hsia, kingdom
Hsi-k'ang, Tibet
Hsia, dynasty
Hunnic Hsia dynasty
(see Hsi-hsia)
Hsia-hou, clan
Hsia Kui, painter
Hsiao Tao-ch'eng, general
Hsiao Wu Ti, Chin ruler
Hsieh, clan
Hsieh Hsuean, general
Hsien-feng, period
Hsien-pi, tribal federation
Hsien Ti, Han ruler
Hsien-yuen, tribes
Hsin, dynasty
Hsin-an merchants
Hsin Ch'ing-nien, journal
Hsiung-nu, tribal federation (see Huns)
Hsue Shih-ch'ang, president
Hsuean-te, period
Hsuean-tsang, Buddhist
Hsuean Tsung, T'ang ruler
Manchu ruler
Hsuean-t'ung, period
Hsuen Tz[)u], philosopher
Hu, name of tribes (see Huns)
Hu Han-min, politician
Hu Shih, scholar and politician
Hu Wei-yung, politician
Huai-nan Tz[)u], philosopher
Huai, Ti, Chin ruler
Huan Hsuean, general
Huan Wen, general
Huang Ch'ao, leader of rebellion
Huang Ti, ruler
Huang Tsung-hsi, philosopher
Hui-chou merchants
hui-kuan, association
Hui Ti, Chin ruler
Manchu ruler
Hui Tsung, Sung ruler
Hui Tz[)u], philosopher
Human sacrifice
Hung Hsiu-ch'uean, leader of rebellion
Huns (see Hu, Hsiung-nu)
Hunting
Hutuktu, religious ruler
Hydraulic society
i-chuang, clan manors
Ili, river
Imperialism (see Colonialism)
India (see Brahmans, Bengal, Gandhara, Calcutta, Buddhism)
Indo-China (see Cambodia, Annam, Laos).
Indo-Europeans, language group (see Yueeh-chih,
Tocharians,
Hittites)
Indonesia, (see Java)
Industries
Industrialization
Industrial society
(see Factories)
Inflation
Inheritance, laws of
Intellectuals (see Elite, Students)
Investments
Iran (Persia)
Iron
Cast iron
Iron money
(see Steel)
Irrigation
Islam (see Muslims)
Istanbul (Constantinople)
Italy
Japan (see Meiji, Tada, Tanaka)
Java
Jedzgerd, ruler,
Jehol, province,
Jen Tsung, Manchu ruler
Jesuits
Jews
Ju (scribes)
Juchen (Chin Dynasty, Jurchen)
Juan-juan, tribal federation
Jurchen (see Juchen)
K'ai-feng, city (see Yeh, Pien-liang)
Kalmuk, Mongol tribes (see Oeloet)
K'ang-hsi, period
K'ang Yo-wei, politician and scholar
Kansu, province (see Tunhuang)
Kao-ch'ang, city state
Kao, clan
Kao-li, state (see Korea)
Kao Ming, writer
Kao Tsu, Han ruler
Kao Tsung, T'ang ruler
Kao Yang, ruler
Kapok, textile fibre
Kara Kitai, tribal federation
Kashgar, city
Kazak, tribal federation
Khalif (see Caliph)
Khamba, Tibetans
Khan, Central Asian title
Khocho, city
Khotan, city
King, position of
first kings
religious character of kingship
(see Yao, Shun, Hsia dynasty, Emperor, Wang, Prince)
Kitan (Ch'i-tan), tribal federation (see Liao dynasty)
Ko-shu Han, general
Korea (see Kao-li, Pai-chi, Sin-lo)
K'ou Ch'ien-chih, Taoist
Kowloon, city
Ku Yen-wu, geographer
Kuan Han-ch'ing, writer
Kuang-hsue, period
Kuang-wu Ti, Han ruler
Kub(i)lai Khan, Mongol ruler
Kung-sun Lung, philosopher
K'ung Tz[)u] (Confucius)
Kuomintang (KMT), party
Kuo Wei, ruler
Kuo Tz[)u]-hsing, rebel leader
Kuo Tz[)u]-i, loyal general
Kyakhta (Kiachta), city
Labour, forced (see Corvee)
Labour laws
Labour shortage
Lacquer
Lamaism, religion
Land ownership (see Property)
Land reform (see chuen-t'ien, ching-t'ien)
Landlords
temples as landlords
Language
dialects
Language reform
Lang Shih-ning, painter
La Tz[)u], philosopher
Laos, country
Law codes (see Li K'ui, Property law, Inheritance,
Legalists)
Leadership
League of Nations
Leibniz, philosopher
Legalists (fa-chia)
Legitimacy of rule (see Abdication)
Lenin, V.
Lhasa, city
Li An-shih, economist
Li Chung-yen, governor
Li Hung-chang, politician
Li K'o-yung, ruler
Li Kuang-li, general
Li K'ui, law-maker
Li Li-san, politician
Li Lin-fu, politician
Li Lung-mien, painter
Li Shih-min (see T'ai Tsung), T'ang ruler
Li Ss[)u], politician
Li Ta-chao, librarian
Li T'ai-po, poet
Li Tz[)u]-ch'eng, rebel
Li Yu, writer
Li Yu-chen, writer
Li Yuean, ruler
Li Yuean-hung, politician
Liang dynasty, Earlier
Later Liang
Northern Liang
Southern Liang
Western Liang
Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, journalist
liang-min (burghers)
Liao, tribes,
Liao dynasty (see Kitan)
Western Liao dynasty
Liao-chai chih-i, short-story collection
Libraries
Lin-chin, city
Lin-ch'uan, city
Lin Shu, translator
Lin Tse-hsue, politician
Literati, (see Scholars, Confucianists)
Literature (see pien-wen, pi-chi, Poetry, Drama, Novels,
Epics,
Theatre, ballads, Folk-tales, Fables, History, Confucians,
Writers,
Scholars, Scribes)
Literary revolution
Liu Chi, Han ruler
Liu Chin-yuean, ruler
Liu Chin, eunuch
Liu Hsiu (see Kuang wu Ti), Han ruler
Liu Lao-chih, general
liu-min (vagrants)
Liu Pang (see Liu Chi)
Liu Pei, general and ruler
Liu Shao-ch'i, political leader
Liu Sung, rebel
Liu Tsung-yuean, writer
Liu Ts'ung, ruler
Liu Yao, ruler
Liu Yue, general
emperor
Liu Yuean, sculptor
emperor
Lo Kuan-chung, writer
Loans, to farmers
foreign
Loess, soil formation
Logic
Long March
Lorcha War
Loyang (Lo-yang), capital of China
Lu, state
Lue, empress
Lu Hsiang-shan, philosopher
Lu Hsuen, writer
Lue Kuang, ruler
Lue Pu, general
Lue Pu-wei, politician
Lun, prince
Lun-heng, book
Lung-men, place
Lung-shan, excavation site
Lytton Commission
Ma Yin, ruler
Ma Yuean, general
painter
Machiavellism
Macao, Portuguese colony
Mahayana, Buddhist sect
Maitreya, Buddhist deity (see Messianic movements)
Malacca, state
Malaria
Managers
Manchu, tribal federation and dynasty
Manchuria
Manichaeism, Iranian religion
Manors (chuang, see Estates)
Mao Tun, Hsiung-nu ruler
Mao Tse-tung, party leader
Marco Polo, businessman
Market
Market control
Marriage systems
Marxism
Marxist theory of history
(see Materialism, Communism, Lenin, Mao Tse-tung)
Materialism
Mathematics
Matrilinear societies
Mazdaism, Iranian religion
May Fourth Movement
Medicine
Medical doctors
Meditation (see Ch'an)
Megalithic culture
Meiji, Japanese ruler
Melanesia
Mencius (Meng Tz[)u]), philosopher
Merchants
foreign merchants
(see Trade, Salt, Caravans, Businessmen)
Messianic movements
Metal (see Bronze, Copper, Iron)
Mi Fei, painter
Middle Class (see Burgher, Merchant, Craftsmen, Artisans)
Middle East (see Near East)
Migrations
forced migrations
(see Colonization, Assimilation, Settlement)
Militarism
Militia
Millet
Mills
Min, state in Fukien
Ming dynasty
Ming Jui, general
Min Ti, Chin ruler
Ming Ti, Han ruler
Wei ruler
Later T'ang ruler
Minorate
Missionaries, Christian (see Jesuits)
Mo Ti, philosopher
Modernization
Mohammedan rebellions (see Muslim)
Mon-Khmer tribes
Monarchy (see King, Emperor, Absolutism, Despotism)
Monasteries, Buddhist
economic importance
Money
Money economy
Origin of money
paper money
(see Coins, Paper, Silver)
Mongolia
Mongols, tribes, tribal federation, dynasty (see Yuean
dynasty,
Kalmuk, Tuemet, Oirat, Oeloet, Naiman, Turgut, Timur, Genghiz,
Kublai)
Monks, Buddhist
Monopolies
Mound-dwellers
Mu-jung, tribes
Mu Ti, East Chin ruler
Mu Tsung, Manchu ruler
Mulberries
Munda tribes
Music (see Theatre, Dance, Geisha)
Muslims
Muslim rebellions
(see Islam, Mohammedans)
Mysticism
Naiman, Mongol tribe
Nan-chao, state
Nanyang, city
Nanking (Nan-ching), capital of China
Nanking regime
Nationalism (see Kuomintang)
Nature
Nature philosophers
Navy
Near East (see Arabs, Iran, etc.)
Neo-Confucianism
Neolithicum
Nepal
Nerchinsk, place
Nestorian Christianity
Ni Tsan, painter
Nien Fei, rebels
Niu Seng-yu, politician
Nobility
Nomadic nobility
(see Aristocracy)
Nomadism
Economy of nomads
Nomadic society structure
Novels
Oil
Oirat, Mongol tribes
Okinawa (see Ryukyu)
Oeloet, Mongol tribes
Opera
Opium
Opium War
Oracle bones
Ordos, area
Orenburg, city
Organizations (see hui-kuan Guilds, hong, Secret
Societies)
Orphanages
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
Ou-yang Hsiu, writer
Outer Mongolia
Pagoda
Pai-chi (Paikche), state in Korea
Pai-lien-hui (see White Lotus)
Painting
Palaeolithicum
Pan Ch'ao, general
pao-chia, security system
Paper
Paper money
(see Money)
Parliament
Party (see Kuomintang, Communists)
Pearl Harbour
Peasant rebellions (see Rebellions)
Peking, city
Peking Man
Pensions
People's Democracy
Persecution, religious
Persia (Iran)
Persian language
Peruz, ruler
Philippines, state
Philosophy, (see Confucius, Lao Tz[)u], Chuang Tz[)u],
Huai-nan Tz[)u], Hsuen Tz[)u], Mencius, Hui Tz[)u], Mo Ti,
Kung-sun Lung, Shang Tz[)u], Han Fei Tz[)u], Tsou Yen,
Legalists,
Chung-ch'ang, T'ung, Yuean Chi, Liu Ling, Chu Hsi, Ch'eng Hao,
Lu Hsiang-shan, Wang Yang-ming, etc.)
pi-chi, literary form
pieh-yeh (see Manor)
Pien-liang, city (see K'ai-feng)
pien-wen, literary form
Pig
Pilgrims
P'ing-ch'eng, city
Pirates
Plantation economy
Plough
Po Chue-i, poet
Po-hai, state
Poetry
Court Poetry
Northern Poetry
Poets (see T'ao Ch'ien, Po Chue-i, Li T'ai-po, Tu Fu,
etc.)
Politicians, migratory
Pontic migration
Population changes
Population decrease
(see Census, Fertility)
Porcelain
Port Arthur, city
Portsmouth, treaty
Portuguese (see Fu-lan-chi, Macao)
Potter
Pottery
black pottery
(see Porcelain)
Price controls
Priests (see Shamans, Ju, Monks)
Primogeniture
Princes
Printing (see Colour, Book)
Privileges of gentry
Proletariat (see Labour)
Propaganda
Property relations (see Laws, Inheritance, Primogeniture)
Protectorate
Provinces, administration
pu-ch'ue, bondsmen
P'u-ku Huai-en, general
P'u Sung-lin, writer
P'u Yi, Manchu ruler
Puppet plays
Railways
Manchurian Railway
Rebellions (see Peasants, Secret Societies, Revolutions)
Red Eyebrows, peasant movement
Red Guards
Reforms; Reform of language (see Land reform)
Regents
Religion
popular religion
(see Bon, Shintoism, Persecution, Sacrifice, Ancestor
cult,
Fertility cults, Deities, Temples, Monasteries, Christianity,
Islam,
Buddhism, Mazdaism, Manichaeism, Messianic religions, Secret
societies, Soul, Shamanism, State religion)
Republic
Revolutions; legitimization of revolution (see Rebellions)
Ricci, Matteo, missionary
Rice
Rifles
Ritualism
Roads
Roman Empire
Roosevelt, F.D., president
Russia (see Soviet Republics)
Ryukyu (Liu-ch'iu), islands
Sacrifices
Sages
Sakhalin (Karafuto), island
Salar, ethnic group
Salary
Salt
Salt merchants
Salt trade
Samarkand, city
San-min chu-i, book
Sang Hung-yang, economist
Sassanids, Iranian dynasty
Scholars (Ju) (see Literati, Scribes,
Intellectuals,
Confucianists)
Schools, (see Education)
Science, (see Mathematics, Astronomy, Nature)
Scribes
Script, Chinese
Sculpture
Buddhist sculptures
se-mu (auxiliary troops)
Seal, imperial
Secret societies (see Red Eyebrows; Yellow Turbans; White
Lotus;
Boxer; Rebellions)
Sects
Buddhist sects
Seng-ko-lin-ch'in, general
Serfs (see Slaves, Servants, Bondsmen)
Servants
Settlement, of foreigners
military
(see Colonization)
Sha-t'o, tribal federation
Shadow theatre
Shahruk, ruler
Shamans
Shamanism
Shan tribes of South East Asia
Shan-hai-ching, book
Shan-yue, title of nomadic ruler
Shang dynasty
Shang Ti, deity
Shang Tz[)u], philosopher (Shang Yang)
Shanghai, city
Shao Yung, philosopher
Sheep
Shen Nung, mythical figure
Shen Tsung, Sung ruler
Manchu ruler
Sheng Tsu, Manchu ruler
Shih-chi, book
Shih Ching-t'ang, ruler
Shih Ch'ung, writer
Shih Heng, soldier
Shih Hu, ruler
Shih Huang-ti, ruler
Shih Lo, ruler
Shih-pi, ruler
Shih Ss[)u]-ming
Shih Tsung, Manchu ruler
Shih-wei, Mongol tribes
Shintoism, Japanese religion
Ships (see Navy)
Short stories
Shoulder axes
Shu (Szechwan), area and/or state
Shu-Han dynasty
Shun, dynasty
mythical ruler
Shun-chih, reign period
Sian (Hsi-an, Ch'ang-an), city
Siao Ho (Hsiao Ho), jurist
Silk
Silk road
Silver
Sin-lo (Hsin-lo, Silla), state of Korea
Sinanthropos
Sinkiang (Hsin-Chiang, Turkestan)
Slash and burn agriculture (denshiring)
Slaves
Slave society
Temple slaves
Social mobility
Social structure of tribes
Socialism (see Marxism, Communism)
Sogdiana, country in Central Asia
Soul, concept of soul
South-East Asia (see Burma, Champa, Cambodia, Annam, Laos,
Vietnam, Tonking, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Mon-Khmer)
Soviet Republics (see Russia)
Speculations, financial
Ss[)u]-ma, clan
Ss[)u]-ma Ch'ien, historian
Ss[)u]-ma Kuang, historian
Ss[)u]-ma Yen, ruler
Standardization
States, territorial and national
State religion
Statistics (see Population)
Steel
Steppe
Stone age
Stratification, social (see Classes, Social mobility)
Strikes
Students
Su Chuen, rebel
Su Tsung, T'ang ruler
Su Tung-p'o, poet
su-wang (uncrowned king)
Sui, dynasty
Sun Ts'e, ruler
Sun Yat-sen (Sun I-hsien), revolutionary leader, president
Sung, dynasty
Liu-Sung dynasty
Szechwan (Ss[)u]-ch'uan), province (see Shu)
Ta-tan (Tatars), tribal federation
Tada, Japanese militarist
Tai, tribes (see Thailand)
Tai Chen, philosopher
Tai Ch'ing dynasty (Manchu)
T'ai P'ing, state
T'ai Tsu, Sung ruler
Manchu ruler
T'ai Tsung, T'ang ruler (see Li Shih-min)
Taiwan (T'ai-wan, see Formosa)
T'an-yao, priest
Tanaka, Japanese militarist
T'ang, dynasty
Later T'ang dynasty
T'ang Hsien-tsu, writer
T'ang Yin, painter
Tanguts, Tibetan tribal federation and/or state (see
Ch'iang)
Tao, philosophical term
Tao-kuang, reign period
Tao-te-ching, book
T'ao-t'ieh, mythical emblem
Tao-yen, monk
Taoism, religion
Taoists
(see Lao Tz[)u], Chuang Tz[)u], Chang Ling, etc.)
Tarim basin
Tatars (Ta-tan) Mongolian tribal federation
Taxation
Tax collectors
Tax evasion
Tax exemptions
Taxes for monks
Tax reform
Te Tsung, Manchu ruler
Tea
Tea trade
Tea house (see Brothel)
Teachers (see Schools)
Technology
Tell, archaeological term
Temples (see Monasteries)
Tengri khan, ruler
Textile industry (see Silk, Cotton)
Thailand, state (see Tai tribes)
Theatre (see Shadow, Puppet, Opera)
Throne, accession to (see Abdication, Legitimacy)
Ti, Tibetan tribes
Tibet (see Ch'iang, Ti, T'u-fan, T'u-yue-hun, Lhasa
Tanguts)
T'ien, deity
Tientsin (T'ien-chin), city
Timur, ruler
Tin
Ting-ling, tribal federation
T'o-pa (see Toba)
T'o-t'o, writer
Toba, Turkish tribal federation
Tocharians, Central Asian ethnic group
Tokto (see T'o-t'o)
Toeloes, Turkish tribal group
Tombs
Tonking, state
Tortoise
Totalitarianism (see Dictatorship, Fascism, Communism)
Tou Ku, general
T'ou-man, ruler
Towns (see City)
Trade
barter trade
international trade
(see Merchants, Commerce, Caravans, Silk road)
Translations
Transportation (see Roads, Canals, Ships, Post, Caravans,
Horses)
Travels of emperors
Treasury
Treaty, international
Tribal organization (see Banner, Army, Nomads)
Tribes, disappearance of
social organization
military organization
Tribute (kung)
tsa-hu, social class
Tsai T'ien, prince
Ts'ai Yuean-p'ei, scholar
Ts'ao Chih, poet
Ts'ao Hsueeh-ch'in, writer
Ts'ao K'un, politician
Ts'ao P'ei, ruler
Ts'ao Ts'ao, general
Tsewang Rabdan, general
Tseng Kuo-fan, general
Tso Tsung-t'ang, general
Tsou Yen, philosopher
Ts'ui, clan
T'u-chueeh, Goek Turk tribes (see Turks)
Tu Fu, poet
T'u-fan, Tibetan tribal group
Tu-ku, Turkish tribe
T'u-shu chi-ch'eng, encyclopaedia
tu-tu, title
T'u-yue-hun, Tibetan tribal federation
Tuan Ch'i-jui, president
Tuemet, Mongol tribal group
Tung Ch'i-ch'ang, painter
T'ung-chien kang-mu, historical encyclopaedia
T'ung-chih, reign period
Tung Chung-shu, thinker
Tung Fu-hsiang, politician
Tung-lin academy
Tungus tribes (see Juchen, Po-hai, Manchu)
Tunhuang (Tun-huang), city
Turfan, city state
Turgut, Mongol tribal federation
Turkestan (see Central Asia, Tarim, Turfan, Sinkiang,
Ferghana,
Samarkand, Khotcho, Tocharians, Yueeh-chih, Sogdians, etc.)
Turkey
Turks (see Goek Turks, T'u-chueeh, Toba, Toeloes,
Ting-ling, Uighur,
Sha-t'o, etc.)
Tz[)u] Hsi, empress
Uighurs, Turkish federation
United States (see America)
Ungern-Sternberg, general
Urbanization (see City)
Urga, city
University
Usury
Vagrants (liu-min)
Vietnam (see Annam)
Village
Village commons
Vinaya Buddhism
Voltaire, writer
Walls
Great Wall
Wan-li, reign period
Wang (king)
Wang An-shih, statesman
Wang Chen, eunuch
Wang Ching-wei, collaborator
Wang Ch'ung, philosopher
Wang Hsien-chih, peasant leader
Wang Kung, general
Wang Mang, ruler
Wang Shih-chen, writer
Wang Shih-fu, writer
Wang Tao-k'un, writer
Wang Tun, rebel
Wang Yang-ming, general and philosopher
War
size of wars
War-chariot
cost of wars
War lords
Warrior-nomads
(see Army, World War, Opium War, Lorcha War, Fire-arms)
Washington, conference
Wei, dynasty
small state
empress
Wei Chung-hsien, eunuch
Wei T'o, ruler in South China
Welfare state
Well-field system (ching-t'ien),
Wen Ti, Han ruler
Wei ruler
Toba ruler
Sui ruler
Wen Tsung, Manchu ruler
Whampoa, military academy
Wheat
White Lotus sect (Pai-lien)
Wholesalers
Wine
Wood-cut (see Colour print)
Wool (see Felt)
World Wars
Women rights
Writing, invention (see Script)
Wu, empress
state
Wuch'ang, city (see Hankow)
Wu Ching-tz[)u], writer
Wu-huan, tribal federation
Wu P'ei-fu, war lord
Wu San-kui, general
Wu Shih-fan, ruler
Wu-sun, tribal group
Wu Tai (Five Dynasties period)
Wu Tao-tz[)u], painter
Wu (Ti), Han ruler
Chin ruler
Liang ruler
Wu Tsung, Manchu ruler
Wu Wang, Chou ruler
wu-wei, philosophical term
Yakub beg, ruler
Yamato, part of Japan
Yang, clan
Yang Chien, ruler (see Wen Ti)
Yang (Kui-fei), concubine
Yang-shao, archaeological site
Yang Ti, Sui ruler
Yao, mythical ruler
tribes in South China
Yarkand, city in Turkestan
Yeh (K'ai-feng), city
Yeh-ta (see Ephtalites)
Yehe-Nara, tribe
Yellow Turbans, secret society
Yeh-lue Ch'u-ts'ai, politician
Yen, state
dynasty
Earlier Yen dynasty
Later Yen dynasty
Western Yen dynasty
Yen-an, city
Yen Fu, translator
Yen Hsi-shan, war lord
Yen-ta (Altan), ruler
Yen-t'ieh-lun (Discourses on Salt and Iron), book
Yin Chung-k'an, general
Yin-ch'ue, city
Yin and Yang, philosophical terms
Ying Tsung, Manchu ruler
Yo Fei, general
Yue Liang, general
Yue-wen, tribal group
Yuean Chen
Yuean Chi, philosopher
Yuean Mei, writer
Yuean Shao, general
Yuean Shih-k'ai, general and president
Yuean Ti, Han ruler
Chin ruler
Yueeh, tribal group and area
Yueeh-chih, Indo-European-speaking ethnic group
Yuen-kang, caves
Yuennan (Yuen-nan), province
Yung-cheng, reign period
Yung-lo, reign period
Zen Buddhism (see Ch'an)
Zoroaster, founder of religion