The Story of Rome from the Earliest Times to the End of the Republic, by Arthur Gilman

PREFACE.
I. ONCE UPON A TIME. The old king at Troy - Paris, the wayward youth - Helen carried off - The war of ten years - Æneas, son of Anchises, goes to Italy - His death - Fact and fiction in early stories - How Milton wrote about early England - How Æneas was connected with England - Virgil writes about Æneas - How Livy wrote about Æneas - Was Æneas a son of Venus? - Italy, as Æneas would have seen it - Greeks in Italy - How Evander came from Arcadia - How Æneas died - Thirty cities rise - Twins and a she-wolf - Trojan names in Italy - How the Romans named their children and themselves.
II. HOW THE SHEPHERDS BEGAN THE CITY. Augury resorted to - Romulus and Remus on two hills - Vultures determine a question - Pales, god of the shepherds - Beginning the city - Celer killed - An asylum - Bachelors want wives - A game of wife-snatching - Sabines wish their daughters back - Tarpeia on the hill - A duel between two hills - Two men named Curtius - Women interfere for peace - Where did Romulus go? - Society divided by Romulus - Numa Pompilius chosen king - Laws of religion given the people - Guilds established - The year divided into months - Tullus Hostilius king - Six brothers fight - Horatia killed - Ancus Martius king - The wooden bridge.
III. HOW CORINTH GAVE ROME A NEW DYNASTY. Magna Græcia - Cypselus, the democratic politician - Demaratus goes to Tarquinii - Etruscan relics - Lucomo's cap lifted - Lucomo changes his name - A Greek king of Rome - A circus and other great public works - A light around a boy's head - Servius Tullius king - How the kingdom passed from the Etruscan dynasty.
IV. THE RISE OF THE COMMONS. A king of the plebeians - A league with Latin cities - A census taken - The Seven Hills - Classes formed among the people - Assemblies of the people - How ace means one - Heads of the people - Armor of the different classes - A Lustration or Suovetaurilia - What is a lustrum? - Servius divides certain lands - A wicked husband and a naughty wife - King Servius killed - Sprinkled with a father's blood.
V. HOW A PROUD KING FELL. A tyrant king - The mysterious Sibyl of Cumæ comes to sell books - The head found on the Capitoline - A serpent frightens a king - A serious inquiry sent to Delphi - A hollow stick filled with gold helps a young man - A good wife spinning - A terrible oath - The Tarquins banished - A republic takes the place of the kingdom - The first of the long line of consuls - The good Valerius - The god Silvanus cries out to some effect - Lars Porsena of Clusium and what he tried to do - Horatius the brave - Rome loses land - A dictator appointed - Castor and Pollux help the army at Lake Regillus - Caius Marcius wins a crown - Appius Claudius comes to town.
VI. THE ROMAN RUNNYMEDE. The character of the Romans - Traits of the kings - Insignificance of Latin territory - Occupations - Art backward - A narrow religion - Who were the populus Romanus? - Patricians oppress the people - Wrongs of Roman money-lending - How a debtor flaunted his rags to good purpose - Appius Claudius defied - A secession to the Anio - Apologue of the body and its members - Laws of Valerius re-affirmed - Tribunes of the people appointed - Peace by the treaty of the Sacred Mount.
VII. HOW THE HEROES FOUGHT FOR A HUNDRED YEARS. Coriolanus fights bravely - He enrages the plebeians - Women melt the strong man's heart - Plebeians gain ground - Agrarian laws begin to be made - Cassius, who makes the first, undermined - The family of the Fabii support the commons - A black day on the Cremara - Cincinnatus called from his plow - The Æquians subjugated - What a conquest meant in those days - The Aventine Hill given to the commons - The ten men make ten laws and afterwards twelve - The ten men become arrogant - How Virginia was killed - Appius Claudius cursed - The second secession of the plebeians - The third secession - The commons make gains - Censors chosen - The wonderful siege of Veii - How a tunnel brings victory - Camillus the second founder of Rome - How the territory was increased, but ill omens threaten.
VIII. A BLAST FROM BEYOND THE NORTH-WIND. What the Greeks thought when they shivered - A warlike people come into notice - Brennus leads the barbarians to victory - A voice from the temple of Vesta - Tearful Allia - The city alarmed and Camillus called for - How the sacred geese chattered to a purpose - Brennus successful, but defeated at last - A historical game of scandal - Camillus sets to work to make a new city - Camillus honored as the second founder of Rome - Manlius less fortunate - Poor debtors protected by a law of Stolo - A plague comes to Rome, and priests order stage-plays to be performed - The floods of the Tiber come into the circus.
IX. HOW THE REPUBLIC OVERCAME ITS NEIGHBORS. Alexander the Great strides over Persia - Suppose he had attacked Rome? - The man with a chain, and the man helped by a crow - How the Samnites came into Campania - The memorable battle of Mount Gaurus - How Carthage thought best to congratulate Rome - Debts become heavy again - How Decius Mus sacrificed himself for the army - Misfortune at the Caudine Forks - A general muddle, in which another Mus sacrifices himself - Another secession of the commons - An agrarian law and an abolition of debts - What the wild waves washed up - Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, takes a lofty model - How Cineas asked hard questions - Blind Appius Claudius stirs up the people - Maleventum gets a better name - Ptolemy Philadelphus thinks best to congratulate Rome - How the Romans made roads - The classes of citizens.
X. AN AFRICAN SIROCCO. How an old Bible city sent out a colony - Carthage attends strictly to its own business - Sicily a convenient place for a great fight - The Mamertines not far from Scylla and Charybdis - Ancient war-vessels and how they were rowed - The prestige of Carthage on the water destroyed - Xanthippus the Spartan helps the Carthaginians - The horrible fate of noble Regulus - Hamilcar, the man of lightning, comes to view - Gates of the temple of Janus closed the second time - A perfidious queen overthrown - Two Gauls and two Greeks buried alive - Hannibal hates Rome - Rome and Carthage fight the second time - Scipio and Fabius the Delayer fight for Rome - Hannibal crosses the Alps - The terrible rout at Lake Trasimenus - A business man beaten - Syracuse falls and Archimedes dies - Fabius takes Tarentum - A great victory at the Metaurus - War carried to Africa and closed at Zama - Hannibal a wanderer.
XI. THE NEW PUSHES THE OLD - WARS AND CONQUESTS. Tumultuous women stir up the city - What the Oppian Law forbade - Cato the Stern opposes the women - The women find a valorous champion - How did the matrons establish their high character? - Two parties look at the growing influence of ideas from Greece - What were those influences? - How Rome coveted Eastern conquests - How Flamininus fought at the Dog-heads - How the Grecians cried for joy at the Isthmian games - Great battles at Thermopylæ and Magnesia, and their results - Philopoemen, Hannibal, and Scipio die - The battle of Pydna marks an era - Greece despoiled of its works of art - Cato wishes Carthage destroyed - Numantia destroyed - The slaves in Sicily give trouble.
XII. A FUTILE EFFORT AT REFORM. Scipio gives away his daughter - Tiberius Gracchus serves the state - Romans without family altars or tombs - Cornelia urges Gracchus to do somewhat for the state - Gracchus misses an opportunity - Another son of Cornelia comes to the front - The younger Gracchus builds roads and makes good laws - Drusus undermines the reformer - Office looked upon as a means of getting riches - Marius and Sulla appear - Jugurtha fights and bribes - Metellus, the general of integrity - Marius captures Jugurtha - A shadow falls upon Rome - A terrible battle at Vercellæ - The slaves rise again - The Domitian law restricts the rights of the senate - The ill-gotten gold of Toulouse.
XIII. SOCIAL AND CIVIL WARS. The agrarian laws of Appuleius - Luxury increases and faith falls away - Rome for the Romans - Another Drusus appears - The brave Marsians menace Rome - Ten new tribes formed - A war with Mithridates of Pontus - Marius and Sulla struggle and Marius goes to the wall - Sulla besieges Athens - Sulla threatens the senate - The capitol burned - A battle at the Colline Gate - Proscription and carnage - Sulla makes laws and retires to see the effect - A congiarium - A grand funeral and a cremation.
XIV. THE MASTER SPIRITS OF THIS AGE. Tendency towards monarchy - Sertorius and his white fawn - Crassus and his great house - Cicero, the eloquent orator - Verres, the great thief - How Verres ran away - Catiline the Cruel - Cæsar, the man born to rule - Looking for gain in confusion - Lepidus flees after the fight of the Mulvian bridge - How the two young men caused gladiators to fight - What Spartacus did - Six thousand crosses - Pompey overawes the senate.
XV. PROGRESS OF THE GREAT POMPEY. Pompey the principal citizen - Crassus feeds the people at ten thousand tables - How the pirates caught Cæsar, and how Cæsar caught the pirates - Gabinius makes a move - The Manilian law sets Pompey further on - Mithridates fights and flees - Times of treasons, stratagems, and spoils - Catiline plots - The sacrilege of Clodius - Cæsar pushes himself to the front - The last agrarian law - Cæsar's success in Gaul - Vercingetorix appears - Cæsar's conquests.
XVI. HOW THE TRIUMVIRS CAME TO UNTIMELY ENDS. Pompey builds a theatre - Crassus must make his mark - Cato against Cæsar - Curio helps Cæsar - Solemn jugglery of the pontiffs - Curio warm enough - At the Rubicon - Crossing the little river - Pompey stamps in vain - Cato flees from Rome - Metellus stands aside - Pompey killed - Veni, vidi, vici - Honors and plans of Cæsar - The calendar reformed - Cæsar has too much ambition - 'T was one of those coronets - The Ides of March - Antony, the actor - Antony the chief man in Rome - What next?.
XVII. HOW THE REPUBLIC BECAME AN EMPIRE. How Octavius became a Cæsar - Agrippa and Cicero give him their help - Octavius wins the soldiers, and Cicero launches his Philippics - Antony, Lepidus, and Octavius become Triumvirs - Their first work a bloody one - Cicero falls - Brutus and Cassius defeated at Philippi - Antony forgets Fulvia - Antony and Octavius quarrel and meet for discussion at Tarentum - How Horace travelled to Brundusium - The duration of the Triumvirate extended five years - Cleopatra beguiles Antony a second time - The great battle off Actium - Octavius wins complete power, and a new era begins - The Republic ends.
XVIII. SOME MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE. How did these people live? - The first Roman house - The vestibule and the dark room - The dining-room and the parlor - Rooms for pictures and books - Cooking taken out of the atrium - How the houses were heated and lighted - Life in a villa - The extravagance of the pleasure villa - When a man and a woman had agreed to marry - How the bride dressed and what the groom did - The wife's position and work - The stola and the toga - Foot-gear from soccus to cothurnus - Breakfast, luncheon, and dinner - The formal dinner - How the Romans travelled, and how they sought office - The law and its penalties.
XIX. THE ROMAN READING AND WRITING. Grecian influence on Roman mental culture - Textbooks - Cato and Varro on education - Dictation and copy-books - The early writers - Fabius Pictor - Plautus - Terence - Atellan plays - Cicero's works - Varro's works - Cæsar and Catullus - Lucretius - Ovid and Tibullus - Sallust - Livy - Horace - Cornelius Nepos - Virgil and his works - Life at the villa of Mæcenas.
XX. THE ROMAN REPUBLICANS SERIOUS AND GAY. The will of the gods sought for - The first temples - Festivals in the first month - Vinalia and Saturnalia - Fires of Vulcan and Vesta - Matronly and family services - No mythology at first - Colleges of priests needed - An incursion of Greek philosophers - Games of childhood - Checkers and other games of chance - The people cry for games - Games in the circus - The amphitheatre invented - Men and beasts fight - Funeral ceremonies - Charon paid - The mourning procession - Inurning the ashes - The columbarium - The Roman May-day - Change from rustic simplicity to urban orgies.