CHAPTER XIV. THE TARIFF OF 1824 (1820-1824)

          New England          Middle Region          South
          M N V M  R C T         N N P  D T         M V  N S  G T
          e H t a  I o o         Y J a  e o         d a  C C  a o
                s    n t                l t                     t
                s    n a                  a                     a
                       l                  l                     l
 
Ayes . . .1 1 5 1  2 5 15       26 6 24 1 57        3 1  0  0 0 4
Nays . . .6 5 0 11 0 1 23        8 0  1 0  9        6 21 13 9 7 56
 
          Northwest and Kentucky         Southwest
          O  I I M K  T                  T A M L T
          h  n l o y  o                  e l i a o
          i  d        t                  n a s   t     Total
          o           a                  n   s   a
                      l                          l
 
Ayes . . .14 2 1 1 11 29                 2 0 0 0 2      107
Nays . . . 0 0 0 0  0 0                  7 3 1 3 14     102

By this analysis and the map, it is clear that the navigating states were in opposition, while the manufacturing states were generally in favor of the bill. The most important textile manufacturers of Massachusetts, however, were not advocates of protection at this time. The grain and wool producing states gave an overwhelming vote (91 to 9) in favor of the attempt to provide a home market. The planting states gave but 3 votes in favor to 64 against. [Footnote: See the analysis in Niles' Register, XXVI., 113.] By comparison with the map of the general survey bill, it is seen that the southern half of the west was in a state of unstable equilibrium on these sectional issues. It joined the Ohio Valley and the middle states in supporting a system of internal improvements, while it transferred its support to the old south on the question of the tariff. New England, on the other hand, although divided, tended to unite its strength with that of the south on both these measures. In general, the map reveals the process of forming a northern section in opposition to the south - the union of the Ohio Valley with the middle states against the alliance of the south Atlantic seaboard with the Gulf states. The division of forces exhibited in the Missouri struggle was strikingly like the division now revealed on the tariff question.

On the whole, the tariff of 1824 was distinctly a compromise measure. Although the ad valorem duties on cotton and woolen goods were raised, this was balanced by the doubled duty on raw wool. Nevertheless, it aroused the opposition of the entire planting section, at the same time that the manufacturers of woolen goods felt that their interests had been sacrificed. The tariff question was, in fact, only postponed. In the history of party development, however, Clay's system of internal improvements and tariff, as shown in this session of Congress, had a significance not easily missed; and state sovereignty sentiment in the south grew steadily after these measures. [Footnote: See chapter xviii, below; cf. Antes, State Docs, on Federal Relations, No. 4, pp. 4-13.]