United States

That the election of 1888 differed from its predecessors since 1865 was due chiefly to the independence, courage and political insight of President Cleveland. Hitherto campaigns had been contested with as little reference to real issues as conditions rendered possible. Neither party had possessed leaders with sufficient understanding of the needs of the nation to force a genuine settlement of an important issue. That 1888 saw a clear contest made it a memorable year in recent politics.

About the time the Sherman Anti-trust law was being passed, in 1890, Henry D. Lloyd was writing his book Wealth Against Commonwealth, in which occurred a memorable passage:

[Geology and Archaeology.]

[Old-time Simplicity.]

[Historic Myths.]

[The Patent Office.]

[Voyages of Colonization.]

[Sources of Government.]

[England's Acquirements.]

[The Revolution.]

[American Loyalty.]